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[replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] • [replace with] Indigenous [replace with] People • [replace with] Indigenous [replace with] People of Bangladesh [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] – [replace with] [replace with] Chakmas – [replace with] [replace with] Marma – [replace with] [replace with] Tripura – [replace with] [replace with] Santals – [replace with] [replace with] Garo – [replace with] [replace with] Manipuri – [replace with] [replace with] Tanchangya – [replace with] [replace with] Hajong – [replace with] [replace with] Magh – [replace with] [replace with] Rakhain – [replace with] [replace with] Mru/Mro – [replace with] [replace with] Lushei – [replace with] [replace with] Oraon – [replace with] [replace with] Munda – [replace with] [replace with] Murong – [replace with] [replace with] Khasia – [replace with] [replace with] Pankho – [replace with] [replace with] Bawm – [replace with] [replace with] Bedey – [replace with] [replace with] Bagdi – [replace with] [replace with] Khumi – [replace with] [replace with] Rajbangshi – [replace with] [replace with] Chak – [replace with] [replace with] khyang – [replace with] [replace with] Pahari   [replace with] • [replace with] Key Figures on [replace with] Indigenous People • [replace with] Documents on [replace with] Indigenous People • [replace with] Location Map of [replace with] Indigenous People     [replace with]

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[replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] Indigenous People of Bangladesh : Oraon [replace with]	[replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] Indigenous Day 2004 [replace with] [replace with] "You [replace with] must teach your children that the [replace with] ground beneath their feet is the [replace with] ashes of our grandfathers. So that [replace with] they will respect the land, tell [replace with] your children that the earth is rich [replace with] with the lives of our kin. Teach [replace with] your children that we have taught [replace with] our children that the earth is our [replace with] mother. Whatever befalls the earth [replace with] befalls the sons of earth. If men [replace with] spit upon the ground, they spit upon [replace with] themselves."   [replace with] [replace with] - Chief  Seattle, 1854
[replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] Oraon, a tribe of the [replace with] Proto-Australian origin. The Oraon people are short and black in complexion. [replace with] Their noses are flat and their hair black and curled. In the subcontinent, [replace with] they live mostly in Orissa, Chotonagpur, Rajmahal and the adjoining areas of [replace with] Bihar. According to anthropologists, Oraons, mundas, Malpaharis and santals [replace with] belong to the same group of aborigine people. From the point of view of [replace with] language too, they belong to the same Austric family. Many specialists [replace with] consider that the word Oraon is a distorted form of a totem in the ancient [replace with] Kurukh language. [replace with] [replace with] Historical Background: [replace with] There is no concrete evidence [replace with] on how and since when Oraons have settled in the Bangladesh territory. At [replace with] present, they live in rangpur, dinajpur, bogra and rajshahi districts. The [replace with] census report of 1881 recorded that some Oraons lived in mymensingh, [replace with] chittagong and noakhali districts. Population census conducted later did not [replace with] treat the Oraons as a separate tribe and, therefore, it was difficult to [replace with] ascertain their number. The 1991 census however, recorded their number in [replace with] Bangladesh at about six thousand. [replace with] [replace with] Social System: [replace with] [replace with] Lifestyle: Oraon men and women [replace with] wear simple dresses. Women wear coarse sari and men wear the dhuti and the [replace with] lungi. Poor men wear the gamchha. Oraon women like to wear ornaments and use [replace with] flowers in their make-up. A recognised social custom is to have tattoos on [replace with] the body of both men and women. The better off and educated Oraons wear [replace with] shirts, trousers and panjabi. [replace with] [replace with] Rice is the staple food of Oraons. They take [replace with] vegetables, fish, or meat with rice. They drink a homemade wine called [replace with] pachai, which is generally made from rice. Mahua, another indigenous variety [replace with] of homemade wine in Bangladesh, is rare in the Oraon habitats. Farming is [replace with] the main occupation of Oraons. Men plough the land and women take part in [replace with] other types of work. Women work harder than men. They sell fish and [replace with] vegetables or fruits. Landless Oraon men and women work as coolie-kamin [replace with] (land labourers). [replace with] [replace with] Rituals: Like many other ethnic [replace with] groups, Oraons worship nature. They however, believe that there is a creator [replace with] of the universe, Dharmesh, who exists in the sun. Most of their religious [replace with] ceremonies centre around the sun. Oraons believe in different gods having [replace with] symbolic representation in villages, agricultural assets, forests, epidemics [replace with] etc. They satisfy these gods through religious festivals similar to those of [replace with] the Hindu community. For example, the Bhadu festival of Hindus and the Karam [replace with] of Oraons are almost identical. This is a worship of trees performed [replace with] symbolically with the kadam (anthocephalus chinensis) tree or its branches. [replace with] In fact, bhadu and karam are the name of the same kadam tree in different [replace with] languages. Religious festivals like the Hariari and Sarhul are associated [replace with] with praying for the fertility of land and a good paddy harvest. [replace with] [replace with] Oraons worship trees, flowers and fruits for [replace with] increased crop production and protection of the tribe. Fertility of land and [replace with] women is the same in their religious prayers. Their vows are closely [replace with] associated with their lifestyle, the struggle for existence and the [replace with] pleasures of life. Religious ceremonies and seasonal festivals reflect their [replace with] way of living and their social needs. They also believe in the power of [replace with] magic. All religious ceremonies and seasonal festivals of Oraons such as the [replace with] Basundhara in the month of Baishakh, Bhadri in Bhadra, Jejuti in Agrahayan, [replace with] Itu in Falgun and Sarhul in Chaitra reflect the tribe's link to agriculture. [replace with] [replace with] Oraons burn the bodies of the dead. As a mark [replace with] of respect to the deceased they offer flowers and leaves of sacred trees to [replace with] the dead on the pyres. The Oraon people also express formal condolence. [replace with] [replace with] Culture: Like other tribes, [replace with] Oraons like to dance, sing and play musical instruments. Their dances and [replace with] songs are deeply rooted in their social and cultural life. Jhumur songs of [replace with] Oraons reflect their lifestyle and their religious philosophy. Dhumkuria is [replace with] as important an aspect of their social life as the Dekachang is to garos, [replace with] Akhra to Santals and Ghatul to Murias. [replace with] [replace with] Social Structure: Oraons reside [replace with] in dormitory type of houses that provide the young boys and girls an [replace with] opportunity to mix with one another and to choose their partners in life. [replace with] Marriage rituals in the Oraon community are similar to those of Santals and [replace with] Mundas. Marriages are arranged by the guardians in the family, but the [replace with] opinions of the brides and bridegrooms are also respected. Child marriage is [replace with] not recognised. Divorce is allowed. Divorcees, as well as widows, can [replace with] remarry. Both men and women can marry more than once but men are not allowed [replace with] a second marriage unless they are widowed or are divorcees. [replace with] [replace with] Oraons practise the age-old panchayet system [replace with] in local administration. They did not get much modern education. Poverty is [replace with] the main cause of their illiteracy. Added to this is their strong adherence [replace with] to conservative norms and values. Christian missionaries tried to spread [replace with] education among them. Many Oraons are now adopting christianity. At present, [replace with] some non-government organisations work among them and implement programmes [replace with] for their socio-economic development. [Ahmad Rafique] [replace with] [replace with] Source: [replace with] Banglapedia [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] TOP [replace with]

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[replace with] [replace with] Sustainable Development Networking Programme (SDNP) [replace with] E-17 Agargaon, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.  Email: [replace with] [replace with] info@sdnbd.org

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