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[replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] Indigenous People of Bangladesh : Bagdi [replace with]	[replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] Indigenous Day 2004 [replace with] [replace with] "You [replace with] must teach your children that the [replace with] ground beneath their feet is the [replace with] ashes of our grandfathers. So that [replace with] they will respect the land, tell [replace with] your children that the earth is rich [replace with] with the lives of our kin. Teach [replace with] your children that we have taught [replace with] our children that the earth is our [replace with] mother. Whatever befalls the earth [replace with] befalls the sons of earth. If men [replace with] spit upon the ground, they spit upon [replace with] themselves."   [replace with] [replace with] - Chief  Seattle, 1854
[replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] Bagdi, a cultivating, [replace with] fishing and menial caste of Dravidian descent and akin to the aboriginal [replace with] tribes of the subcontinent. There are different sub-castes of bagdis living [replace with] in different regions. A bagdi was traditionally restricted from marrying [replace with] outside the sub-caste. Social and economic factors, especially the intent of [replace with] not allowing their property to be enjoyed by people outside their community, [replace with] produced strict endogamy among them. Currently, however, they are flexible [replace with] in marriage customs. Bagdis practise both infant and adult marriages, though [replace with] cases of infant marriage are not common today. Polygamy is permitted, [replace with] depending on a man's material condition. A bagdi can marry two sisters at a [replace with] time. Bagdis have borrowed many rituals from the Brahminical system. But [replace with] they have also preserved some interesting rituals, which belong to different [replace with] and perhaps more primitive societies. Before formal marriage, the bridegroom [replace with] goes through a mock marriage to a Mahua tree. The bagdi allow widows to [replace with] marry again by the ceremony known as sanga marriage rite, in which a Brahmin [replace with] officiates, but no mantras are recited. As for divorce, the general opinion [replace with] seems to be that a wife might be divorced for barrenness, unchastity, and [replace with] disobedience, when those are duly proved to the satisfaction of the council [replace with] of the caste elders. A divorced wife was entitled to claim maintenance from [replace with] her previous husband for a period of six months after divorce. [replace with] All sub-castes of bagdis [replace with] admit into their circle members of any other caste higher than themselves in [replace with] social standing. The religious practices of bagdis combine orthodox hinduism [replace with] and nature worship of their ancestors. They worship the snake goddess manasa [replace with] Devi. Legal transactions of Bagdis in the past were of a very simple nature [replace with] and were supervised by some elder caste members. Currently, they have been [replace with] absorbed into formal institutions. The occupation of bagdis differs from [replace with] region to region and from sub-caste to sub-caste. Some bagdis still work in [replace with] fishing, some as palanquin bearers, lime producers, gunny bag makers and [replace with] cotton weavers. Some bagdis are also engaged in agriculture, usually as [replace with] under-raiyats, and a few of them have attained the position of occupancy [replace with] tenants. From the olden times, a large number of bagdis in Bengal worked as [replace with] day labourers and were paid in cash or kind. Many worked as nomadic [replace with] cultivators, tilling other men's land on the bhag-jot system, under which [replace with] they were remunerated by one half or less the share of produce. [replace with] Bagdis are socially ranked [replace with] very low and are treated by others as dwellers on the outskirts of Hinduism. [replace with] Many of them eat beef or pork, though according to the prevailing Hindu [replace with] custom, some of them abstain from all sorts of flesh. With the dispersion of [replace with] modern amenities, customs and values amidst all strata of society, bagdis [replace with] are currently able to change their social standing along with their life [replace with] style and are able to engage in several occupations. [S M Mahfuzur Rahman] [replace with] [replace with] Source: [replace with] Banglapedia [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] [replace with] TOP [replace with]

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[replace with] [replace with] Sustainable Development Networking Programme (SDNP) [replace with] E-17 Agargaon, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.  Email: [replace with] [replace with] info@sdnbd.org

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