Driving Forces & Pressures

State

Impacts

Responses

· Population and Poverty

· Increasing population

· Depletion of natural resource base

· Population control and poverty alleviation program. [E]

· Improper agricultural practices

· Unscientific use of agricultural inputs (chemical fertilizer and pesticides)

· Yield reduction due to quality degradation of soil and thus decriseing land productivity

· Integrated Plant Nutrient System (IPNS) · Integrated Pest Management (IPM). [E] · Induction of green manuring crop, biomass recycling. [E]

· Agriculture practices in hill, terrace and piedmont area

· Deforested area

· Loss of topsoil
· Gradual siltation in the floodplain and water bodies

· Occasional restriction and ban of Jhum cultivation [E]
· Massive afforestation [E]
· Adoption of SALT (Sloping
Agricultural Land Technology)

· Improper irrigation

· Declining soil nutrient

· Yield reduction due to quality degradation of topsoil

· Irrigated Agricultural Development Strategies [E]
· Use of surface water for irrigation [E]

· Development of rural road network

· Increased length of road

· Loss of productive agricultural land

· Draft Land Use Policy [P] · Integrated road, embankment and drainage system

· Mining of sand and gravel

· Abandoned area is increasing

· Loss of productive land

· Draft Land Use Policy [P]

· Land ownership and tenure

· Land fragmentation

· Quality degradation

· Draft Land Use Policy [P]

· Riverbank erosion and sedimentation

· Erosion and accretion of land

· Loss of land and quality degradation

· Riverbank protection and embankment [E]

· Salinity

· Salinity intrusion

· Quality degradation

· Augmentation of dry season flow [E/P]

· Industrial pollution

· Open discharge to land

· Quality degradation

· Environment Protection Act and Rules (95/97) [E]

· Rural housing

· Horizontal expansion of

· Seizing of productive land

· Vertical expansion of rural housing [P]

· Urbanization

· Increased unplanned land use

· Loss of land

· Draft Land Use Policy [P]

· Brick making and kiln

· Number of brick kilns are increasing

· Loss of topsoil · Destruction of productive land

· Draft Land Use Policy [P] · Environment Protection Act and Rules (95/97) [E]