CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF EUROPEAN WILDLIFE AND
NATURAL HABITATS
Bern, 19 September 1979
PREAMBLE
The Member States of the Council of Europe and the
other signatories hereto,
Considering that the aim of the Council of Europe is
to achieve a greater unity between its members;
Considering the wish of the Council of Europe to co-
operate with other States in the field of nature
conservation;
Recognizing that wild flora and fauna consitute an
natural heritage of aesthetic, scientific, cultural,
recreational, economic and intrinsic value that needs to
be preserved and handed on to future generations;
Recognizing the essential role played by wild flora
and fauna in maintaining biological balances;
Noting that numerous species of wild flora and fauna
are being seriously depleted and that some of them are
threatened with extinction;
Aware that the conservation of natural habitats is a
vital component of the protection and conservation of
wild flora and fauna;
Recognizing that the conservation of wild flora and
fauna should be taken into consideration by the
governments in their national goals and programmes, and
that international Co-operation should be established to
protect migratory species in particular;
Bearing in mind the widespread requests for common
action made by governments or by international bodies,
in particular the requests expressed by the United
Nations Conference on the Human Environment 1972 and the
Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe;
Desiring particularly to follow, in the field of
wildlife conservation, the recommendations of Resolution
No. 2 of the Second European Ministerial Conference on
the Environment,
Have agreed as follows:
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1
1. The aims of this Convention are to conserve wild
flora and fauna and their natural habitats, especially
those species and habitats whose conservation requires
the co-operation of several States, and to promote such
co-operation.
2. Particular emphasis is given to endangered and
vulnerable species, including endangered and vulnerable
migratory species.
Article 2
The Contracting Parties shall take requisite
measures to maintain the population of wild flora and
fauna at, or adapt it to, a level which corresponds in
particular to ecological scientific and cultural
requirements, while taking account of economic and
recreational requirements and the needs of sub-species,
varieties or forms at risk locally.
Article 3
1. Each Contracting Party shall take steps to promote
national policies for the conservation of wild flora,
wild fauna and natural habitats, with particular
attention to endangered and vulnerable species,
especially endemic ones, and endangered habitats, in
accordance with the provisions of this Convention.
2. Each Contracting Party undertakes, in its planning
and development policies and in its measures against
pollution, to have regard to the conservation of wild
flora and fauna.
3. Each Contracting Party shall promote education and
disseminate general information on the need to conserve
species of wild flora and fauna and their habitats.
Chapter II
PROTECTION OF HABITATS
Article 4
1. Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate and
necessary legislative and administrative measures to
ensure the conservation of the habitats of the wild
flora and fauna species, especially those specified in
the Appendices I and II, and the conservation of
endangered natural habitats.
2. The Contracting Parties in their planning and
development policies shall have regard to the
conservation requirements of the areas protected under
the preceding paragraph, so as to avoid or minimise as
far as possible any deterioration of such areas.
3. The Contracting Parties undertake to give special
attention to the protection of areas that are of
importance for the migratory species specified in
Appendices II and III and which are appropriately
situated in relation to migration routes, as wintering,
staging, feeding, breeding or moulting areas.
4. The Contracting Parties undertake to coordinate as
appropriate their efforts for the protection of the
natural habitats referred to in this Article when these
are situated in frontier areas.
ChapterIII
PROTECTION OF SPECIES
Article 5
Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate and
necessary legislative and administrative measures to
ensure the special protection of the wild flora species
specified in Appendix I. Deliberate picking, collecting,
cutting or uprooting of such plants shall be prohitibed.
Each Contracting Party shall, as apropriate, prohibit
the possession or sale of these species.
Article 6
Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate and
necessary legislative and administrative measures to
ensure the special protection of the wild fauna species
specified in Appendix II. The following will in
particular be prohibited for these species:
a) all forms of deliberate capture and keeping and
deliberate killing;
b) the deliberate damage to or destruction of breeding
or resting sites;
c) the deliberate disturbance of wild fauna,
particularly during the period of breeding, rearing and
hibernation, insofar as disturbance would be significant
in relation to the objectives of this Convention;
d) the deliberate destruction or taking of eggs from the
wild or keeping these eggs even if empty;
e) the possession of and internal trade in these
animals, alive or dead, including stuffed animals and
any readily recognizable part or derivative thereof,
where this would contribute to the effectiveness of the
provisions of this Article.
Article 7
1. Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate and
necessary legislative and administrative measures to
ensure the protection of the wild fauna species
specified in Appendix III.
2. Any exploitation of wild fauna specified in Appendix
III shall be regulated in order to keep the populations
out of danger, taking into account the requirements of
Article 2.
3. Measures to be taken shall include:
a) closed seasons and/or other procedures regulating the
exploitation;
b) the temporary or local prohibition of exploitation,
as appropriate, in order to restore satisfactory
population levels;
c) the regulation as appropriate of sale, keeping for
safe, transport for sale or offering for sale of live
and dead wild animals.
Article 8
In respect of the capture or killing of wild fauna
species specified in Appendix III and in cases where, in
accordance with Article 9, exceptions are applied to
species specified in Appendix II, Contracting Parties
shall prohibit the use of all indiscriminate means of
capture and killing and the use of all means capable of
causing local disappearance of, or serious disturbance
to populations of a species, and in particular, the
means specified in Appendix IV.
Article 9
1. Each Contracting Party may make exceptions from the
provisions of Articles 4, 5, 6, 7 and from the
prohibition of the use of the means mentioned in Article
8 provided that there is no other satisfactory solution
and that the exception will not be detrimental to the
survival of the population concerned:
for the protection of flora and fauna;
to prevent serious damage to crops, livestock, forests,
fisheries, water and other forms of property;
in the interests of public health and safety, air
safety or other overriding public interests;
for the purposes of research and education, of
repopulation, of reintroduction and for the necessary
breeding;
to permit, under strictly supervised conditions on a
selective basis and to a limited extent, the taking,
keeping or other judicious exploitation of certain wild
animals and plants in small numbers.
2. The Contracting Parties shall report every two years
to the Standing Committee on the exceptions made under
the preceding paragraph. These reports must specify:
the populations which are or have been subject to the
exceptions and, when practical, the number of specimens
involved;
the means authorised for the killing or capture;
the conditions of risk and the circumstances of time
and.place under which such exceptions were granted;
the authority empowered to declare that these
conditions have been fulfilled, and to take decisions in
respect of the means that may be used their limits and
the persons instructed to carry them out;
the controls involved.
Chapter IV
SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR MIGRATORY SPECIES
Article 10
1. The Contracting Parties undertake, in addition to the
measures specified in Articles 4, 6, 7 and 8, to co-
ordinate their efforts for the protection of the
migratory species specified in Appendices II and III
whose range extends into their territories.
2. The Contracting Parties shall take measures to seek
to ensure that the closed seasons and/or other
procedures regulating the exploitation established under
paragraph 3.a of Article 7 are adequate and
approximately disposed to meet the requirements of the
migratory species specified in Appendix III.
Chapter V
SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS
Article I1
1. In carrying out the provisions of this Convention,
the Contracting Parties undertake:
a) to co-operate whenever appropriate and in particular
where this would enhance the effectiveness of measures
taken under other articles of this Convention;
b) to encourage and co-ordinate research related to the
purposes of this Convention.
2. Each Contracting Party undertakes:
a) to encourage the reintroduction of native species of
wild flora and fauna when this would contribute to the
conservation of an endangered species provided that a
study is first made in the light of the experiences of
other Contracting Parties to establish that such
reintroduction would be effective and acceptable;
b) to strictly control the introduction of non-native
species.
3. Each Contracting Party shall inform the Standing
Committee of the species receiving complete protection
on its territory and not included in Appendices I and
II.
Article 12
The Contracting Parties may adopt stricter measures
for the conservation of wild flora and fauna and their
natural habitats than those provided under this
Convention.
Chapter VI
STANDING COMMITTEE
Article 13
1. For the purposes of this Convention, a Standing
Committee shall be set up.
2. Any Contracting Party may be represented on the
Standing Committee by one or more delegates. Each
delegation shall have one vote. Within the areas of its
competence the European Economic Community shall
exercise its right to vote with a number of votes equal
to the number of its member States which are Contracting
Parties to this Convention; the European Economic
Community shall not exercise its right to vote in cases
where the member States concerned exercise theirs, and
conversely.
3. Any member State of the Council of Europe which is
not a Contracting Party to the Convention may be
represented on the Committee as an observer.
The Standing Committee may, by unanimous decision,
invite any non-member State of the Council of Europe
which is not a Contracting Party to the Convention to be
represented by an observer at one of its meetings.
Anybody or agency technically qualified in the
protection, conservation or management of wild fauna and
flora and their habitats, and belonging to one of the
following categories;
a) international agencies or bodies, either governmental
or non-governmental. and national governmental agencies
or bodies;
b) national non-governmental agencies or bodies which
have been approved for this purpose by the State in
which they are located,
may inform the Secretary-General of the Council of
Europe, at least three months before the meeting of the
Committee, of its wish to be represented at that meeting
by observers. They shall be admitted unless, at least
one month before the meeting, one-third of the
Contracting Parties have informed the Secretary-General
of their objection.
4. The Standing Committee shall be convened by the
Secretary General of the Council of Europe. Its first
meeting shall be held within one year of the date of the
entry into force of the Convention. It shall
subsequently meet at least every two years and whenever
a majority of the Contracting Parties so request.
5. A majority of the Contracting Parties shall
constitute a quorum for holding a meeting of the
Standing Committee.
6. Subject to the provisions of this Convention, the
Standing Committee shall draw up its own Rules of
Procedure.
Article 14
1. The following Committee shall be responsible for
following the application of this Convention. It may in
particular:
keep under review the provisions of this Convention,
including its Appendices, and examine any modifications
necessary;
make recommendations to the Contracting Parties
concerning measures to be taken for the purposes of this
Convention;
recommend the appropriate measures to keep the public
informed about the activities undertaken within the
framework of this Convention;
make recommendations to the Committee of Ministers
concerning non-member States of the Council of Europe to
be invited to accede to this Convention;
make any proposal for improving the effectiveness of
this Convention, including proposals for the conclusion,
with the States which are not Contracting Parties to the
Convention, of agreements that would enhance the
effective conservation of species or groups of species.
2. In order to discharge its functions, the Standing
Committee may, on its own initiative, arrange for
meetings of groups of experts.
Article 15
After each meeting, the Standing Committee shall
forward to the Committee of Ministers of the Council of
Europe a report on its work and on the functioning of
the Convention.
Chapter VII
AMENDMENTS
Article 16
1. Any amendment to the articles of this Convention
proposed by a Contracting Party or the Committee of
Ministers shall be communicated to the Secretary General
of the Council of Europe and forwarded by him at least
two months before the meeting of the Standing Committee
to the member States of the Council of Europe, to any
signatory, to any Contracting Party, to any State
invited to sign this Convention in accordance with the
provisions of Article 19 and to any State invited to
accede to it in accordance with the provisions of
Article 20.
2. Any amendment proposed in accordance with the
provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be examined
by the Standing Committee which:
a) for amendments to Articles 1 to 12, shall submit the
text adopted by a three-quarters majority of the votes
cast of the Contracting Parties for acceptance;
b) for amendments to Articles 13 to 24, shall submit the
text adopted by a three-quarters majority of the votes
cast to the Committee of Ministers for approval. After
its approval, this text shall be forwarded to the
Contracting Parties for acceptance .
3. Any amendment shall enter into force on the thirtieth
day after all the Contracting Parties have informed the
Secretary General that they have accepted it.
4. The provisions of paragraphs 1, 2.a and 3 of this
Article shall apply to the adoption of new Appendices to
this Convention.
Article 17
1. Any amendment to the Appendices of this Convention
proposed by a Contracting Party or the Committee of
Ministers shall be communicated to the Secretary General
of the Council of Europe and forwarded by him at least
two months before the meeting of the Standing Committee
to the member States of the Council of Europe, to any
signatory, to any Contracting Party, to any State
invited to sign this Convention in accordance with the
provisions of Article 19 and to any State invited to it
in accordance with the provisions of Article 20.
2. Any amendment proposed in accordance with the
provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be examined
by the Standing Committee, which may adopt it by a two-
thirds majority of the Contracting Parties. The text
adopted shall be forwarded to the Contracting Parties.
3. Three months after its adoption by the Standing
Committee and unless one-third of the Contracting
Parties have notified objections, any amendment shall
enter into force for those Contracting Parties which
have not notified objections.
Chapter VIII
SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES
Article 18
1. The Standing Committee shall use its best endeavours
to facilitate a friendly settlement of any difficulty to
which the execution of this Convention may give rise.
2. Any dispute between Contracting Parties concerning
the interpretation or application of this Convention
which has not been settled on the basis of the
provisions of the preceding paragraph or by negotiation
between the parties concerned shall, unless the said
parties agree otherwise, be submitted, at the request of
one of them, to arbitration. Each party shall designate
an arbitrator and the two arbitrators shall designate a
third arbitrator. Subject to the provisions of paragraph
3 of this Article, if one of the parties has not
designated its arbitrator within the three months
following the request for arbitration, he shall be
designated at the request of the other party by the
President of the European Court of Human Rights within a
further three months' period. The same procedure shall
be observed if the arbitrators cannot agree on the
choice of the third arbitrator within the three months
following the designation of the two first arbitrators.
3. In the event of a dispute between two Contracting
Parties one of which is a member State of the European
Economic Community, the latter itself being a
Contracting Party, the other Contracting Party shall
address the request for arbitration both to the member
State and to the Community, which jointly, shall notify
it, within two months of receipt of the request, whether
the member State or the Community, or the member and the
Community jointly, shall be party to the dispute. In the
absence of such notification within the said time limit,
the member State and the Community shall be considered
as being one and the same party to the dispute for the
purposes of the application of the provisions governing
the constitution and procedure of the arbitration
tribunal. The same shall apply when the member State and
the Community jointly present themselves as party to the
dispute.
4. The arbitration tribunal shall draw up its own Rule
of Procedure. Its decisions shall be taken by majority
vote. Its award shall be final and binding.
5. Each party to the dispute shall bear the expenses of
the arbitrator designated by it and the parties shall
share equally the expenses of the third arbitrator, as
well as other costs entailed by the arbitration.
Chapter IX
FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 19
I. This Convention shall be open for signature by the
member States of the Council of Europe and non-member
States which have participated in its elaboration and by
the European Economic Community.
Up until the date when the Convention enters into
force, it shall also be open for signature by any other
State so invited by the Committee of Ministers.
The Convention is subject to ratification,
acceptance or approval. Instruments of ratification,
acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the
Secretary General of the Council of Europe.
2. The Convention shall enter into force on the first
day of the month following the expiry of a period of
three months after the date on which five States,
including at least four member States of the Council of
Europe, have expressed their consent to be bound by the
Convention in accordance with the provisions of the
preceding paragraph.
3 . In respect of any signatory State or the European
Economic Community which subsequently express their
consent to be bound by it, the Convention shall enter
into force on the first day of the month following the
expiry of a period of three months after the date of the
deposit of the instrument of ratification, acceptance or
approval.
Article 20
I . After the entry into force of this Convention, the
Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, after
consulting the Contracting Parties, may invite to accede
to the Convention any nonmember State of the Council
which, invited to sign in accordance with the provisions
of Article 19, has not yet done so, and any other non-
member State.
2. In respect of any acceding State, the Convention
shall enter into force on the first day of the month
following the expiry of a period of three months after
the date of the deposit of the instrument of accession
with the Secretary General of the Council of Europe.
Article 21
1. Any State may, at the time of signature or when
depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance,
approval or accession, specify the territory or
territories to which this Convention shall apply.
2. Any Contracting Party may, when depositing its
instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or
accession or at any later date, by declaration addressed
to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe,
extend the application of this Convention to any other
territory specified in the declaration and for whose
international relations it is responsible or on whose
behalf it is authorized to give undertakings.
3. Any declaration made under the preceding paragraph
may, in respect of any territory mentioned in such
declaration, be withdrawn by notification addressed to
the Secretary General. Such withdrawal shall become
effective on the first day of the month following the
expiry of a period of six months after the date of
receipt of the notification by the Secretary General.
Article 22
I . Any State may, at the time of signature or when
depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance,
approval or accession, make one or more reservations
regarding certain species specified in Appendices I to
III and/or, for certain species mentioned in the
reservation or reservations, regarding certain means or
methods of killing, capture and other exploitation
listed in Appendix IV. No reservations of a general
nature may be made.
2. Any Contracting Party which extends the application
of this Convention to a territory mentioned in the
declaration referred to in paragraph 2 of Article 21
may, in respect of the territory concerned, make one or
more reservations in accordance with the provisions of
the preceding paragraph.
3. No other reservation may be made.
4. Any Contracting Party which has made a reservation
under paragraph 1 and 2 of this Article may wholly or
partly withdraw it by means of a notification addressed
to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe. Such
withdrawal shall take effect as from the date of receipt
of the notification by the Secretary General.
Article 23
1. Any Contracting Party may, at any time denounce this
Convention by means of a notification addressed to the
Secretary General of the Council of Europe.
2. Such denunciation shall become effective on the first
day of the month following the expiry of a period of six
months after the date of the notification by the
Secretary General.
Article 24
The Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall
notify the member States of the Council of Europe, any
signatory State, the European Economic Community if a
signatory of this Convention and any Contracting Party
of:
a) any signature;
b) the deposit of any instrument of ratification,
acceptance, approval or accession;
c) any date of entry into force of this Convention in
accordance with Articles 19 and 20;
d) any information forwarded under the provisions of
paragraph 3 of Article 13;
e) any report established in pursuance of the provisions
of Article 15;
f) any amendment or any new Appendix adopted in
accordance with Articles 16 and 17 and the date on which
the amendment or new Appendix comes into force;
g) any declaration made under the provisions of
paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 21;
h) any reservation made under the provisions of
paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 22;
i) the withdrawal of any reservation carried out under
the provisions of paragraph 4 of Article 22;
j) any notification made under the provisions of Article
23 and the date on which the denunciation takes effect.
In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly
authorised thereto, have signed this Convention.
Done at Bern, this 19th day of September 1979, in
English and French, both texts being equally authentic,
in a single copy which shall be deposited in the
archives of the Council of Europe. The Secretary General
of the Council of Europe shall transmit certified copies
to each member State of the Council of Europe, to any
signatory State, to the European Economic Community if a
signatory and to any State invited to sign this
Convention or to accede thereto.
APPENDIX I
Strictly protected flora species
PTERIDOPHYTA
ASPIDIACEAE
Diplazium caudatum (Cav.) Jermy
PTERIDACEAE
Pteris serrulata Forssk.
GYMNOSPERMAE
PlNACEAE
Abies nebrodensis (Lojac.) Mattei
ANGIOSPERMAE
ALISMATACEAE
Alisma wahlenbergii (O.R. Holmberg) Juzepezuk
BERBERIDACEAE
Gymnospermium altaicum (Pallas) Spach
BORAGINACEAE
Anchusa crispa Viv.
Myosotis rehsTeneri Wartm.
Omphalodes littoralis Lehin.
Onosma caespitosum Kotschy
Onosma troodi Kotschy
Solenanthus albanicus (Degen et al.) Degen & Baldacci
Symphytum cycladense Pawl.
CAMPANULACEAE
Campanula sabatia De Not.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Arenaria lithops Heywood ex McNeill
Gypsophila papillosa P. Porta
Loeflingia tavaresiana G. Samp.
Silene orphanidis Boiss.
Silene rothmaleri Pinto de Silva
Silene velutina Pourret ex Loisel.
CHENOPODIACEAE
Kochia saxicola Guss.
Salicornia veneta Pignatti & Lausi
CISTACEAE
Tuberaria major (Willk.) Pinto da Silva
COMPOSlTAE
Anacyclus alboranensis
Esteve Chueca & Varo
Anthemis glaberrima (Rech.f) Greuter
Artemisia granatensis Poiss.
Artemisia laciniata Willd.
Aster pyrenaeus Dosf. ex DC.
Aster sibiricus L.
Centaurea balearica J.D. Rodriguez
Centaurea heldreichii Halaosy
Centaurea horrida Badaro
Centaurea kalambakensis Freyn & Sint.
Centaurea lactiflora Halacsy
Centaurea lineresii Lazaro
Centaurea megarensis Halacsy & Hayek
Centaurea niederi Heldr.
Centaurea peucedanifolia Boiss. & Orph.
Centaurea princeps Boiss. & Heldr.
Crepis crocifolia Boiss. & Heldr.
Lamyropsis microcephala (Moris) Dittrich &
Greuter
Leontodon siculus (Guss.) Finch & Sell
Logfia neglecta (Soy. Will.) Holub
Senecio alboranicus Maire
CONVOLVULACEAE
Convolvulus argyrothamnos Greuter
CRUCIFERAE
Alyssum akamasicum B.L. Burtt
Alyssum fastigiatum Heywood
Arabis kennedyae Meikle
Biscutella neustriaca Bonnet
Brassica hilarionis Post
Brassica macrocarpa Guss
Braya purpurascens (R. Br.) Bunge
Coronopus navasii Pau
Diplotaxis siettiana Maire
Enarthrocarpus pterocarpus DC.
Hutera rupestris P. Porta
Iberis arbuscula Runemark
Ionopsidium acaule (Desf.) Reichenb.
Ptilotrichum pyrenaicum (Lapeyr.) Boiss.
Rhynchosinapis johnstonii (G. Samp.) Heywood
Sisymbrium matritense P.W. Ball & Heywood
EUPHORBIACEAE
Euphorbia ruscinonensis Boiss.
G RAMINEAE
Stipa bavarica Martinovsky & H. Scholz
GROSSULARIACEAE
Ribes sardoum Martelli
HYPERICACEAE
Hypericum aciferum (Greuter) N.K.B. Robson
IRIDACEAE
Crocus cyprius Boiss. & Kotschy
Crocus hartmannianus Holmboe
LABIATAE
Amaracus cordifolium Montr. & Auch.
Micromeria taygetea P.H. Davis
Nepeta sphaciotica P.H. Davis
Phlomis brevibracteata Turrill
Phlomis cypria Post
Salvia crassifolia Sibth. & Smith
Sideritis cypria Post
Thymus camphoratus Hoffmann's & Link
Thymus carnosus Boiss.
Thymus cephalotos L.
LEGUMINOSEAE
Astragalus algarbiensis Coss. ex Bunge
Astragalus aquilinus Anzalone
Astragalus maritimus Moris
Astragalus verrucosus Moris
Cytisus aeolicus Guss. ex Lindi.
Ononis maweana Ball
Oxytropis deflexa (Pallas) DC.
LENTIBULARIACEAE
Pinguicula crystallina Sibth & Smith
LILIACEAE Androcymbium rechingeri Greuter
Chionodoxa lochiae Meikle
Muscari gussonei (Pari.) Tod.
Scilla morrisii Meikle
ORCHIDACEAE
Ophyrys kotschyi Fleisch. & Soo
PAPAVERACEAE
Rupicapnos africana (Lam.) Pomel
PLUMBAGINACEAE
Armeria rouyana Daveau
Limonium paradoxum Pugsley
Limonium recurvum C.E. Salmon
POLYGONACEAE
Rheum rhaponticum L.
PRIMULACEAE
Primula apennina Widmer
Primula egaliksensis Wormsk.
RANUNCULACEAE
Aquilegia cazorlensis Heywood
Aquilegia kitaibelii Schott
Consolida samia P.H. Davis
Delphinium caseyi B.L. Burtt
Ranunculus kykkoensis Miekle
Ranunculus weyleri Mares
RUBIACEAE
Galium litorale Guss.
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Antirrhinum charidemi Lange
Euphrasia marchesetti Wettst. ex Marches.
Linaria algarviana Chav.
Linaria ficalhoana Rouy
SELAGINACEAE
Globularia stygia Orph. ex Boiss.
SOLANACEAE
Atropa baetica Willk.
THYMELAEACEAE
Daphne rodriguezii Texidor
UMBELLIFERAE
Angelica heterocarpa Lloyd
Angelica palustris (Besser) Hoffman
Bupleurum kakiskalac Greuter
Ferula cypria Post
Laserpitium longiradium Boiss.
Oenanthe conioides Lange
VALERIANACEAE
Valeriana longiflora Willk.
VIOLACEAE
Viola hispida Lam.
Viola jaubertiana Mares & Vigineix
APPENDIX 11
Strictly protected fauna species
Mammals
INSECTIVORA
Talpidae
Desmana pyrenaica
(Galemys pyrenaicus)
MICROCHIROPTERA
all species except
Pipistrellus pipistrellus
RODENTIA
Sciuridae
Citellus citellus
Cricetidae
Cricetus criceus
Hystricidae
Hystrix cristata
CARNIVORA
Canidae
Canis lupus
Alopex lagopus
Ursidae
all species
Mustelidae
Lutreola (Mustela) lutreola
Lutra lutra
Gulo gulo
Felidae
Lynx pardina (pardellus)
Panthera pardus
Panthera tigris
Odobenidae
Odobenus rosmarus
Phocidae
Monachus monachus
ARTIODACTYLA
Bovidae
Capra aegagrus
Rupicapra rupicapra ornata
Ovibos moschatus
ODONTOCETI
Delphinidae
Delphinus delphis
Tursiops truncatus (tursio)
Phocaenidae
Phocaena phocaena
MYSTACOCETI
Balaenopteridae
Sibbaldus (Balaenoptera) musculus
Megaptera novaengliae (longimana. nodosa)
Balaenidae
Eubalaena glacialis
Balaena mysticetus
Birds
GAVIIFORMES
Gaviidae
all species
PODICIPEDIFORMES
Podicipedidae
Podiceps griseigena
Podiceps auritus
Podiceps nigricollis (caspicus)
Podiceps ruficollis
PROCELLARIIFORMES
Hydrobatidae
all species
Procellariidae
Puffinus puffinus
Procellaria diomedea
PELECANIFORMES
Phalacrocoracidae
Phalocrocorax pygmaeus
Pelecanidae
all species
CICONIIFORMES
Ardeidae
Ardea purpurea
Casmerodius albus (Egretta alba)
Egretta garzetta
Ardeola ralloides
Bulbucus (Ardeola) ibis
Nycticorax nycticorax
Ixobrychus minutus
Botaurus stellaris
Ciconiidae
all species
Threskiornithidae
all species
Phoenicopteridae
Phoenicopterus ruber
ANSERIFORMES
Anatidae
Cygnus cygnus
Cygnus bewickii (columbianus)
Anser erythropus
Branta leucopsis
Branta ruficollis
Tadorna tadorna
Tadorna ferruginea
Marmaronetta (Anas) angustirostris
Somateria spectabilis
Polysticta stelleri
Histrionicus histrionicus
Bucephala islandica
Mergus albellus
Oxyura leucocephala
FALCONIFORMES
all species
GRUIFORMES
Turnicidae
Turnix sylvatica
Gruidae
all species
Rallidae
Porzana porzana
Porzana pusilla
Porzana parva
Crex crex
Porphyrio porphyrio
Fulica cristata
Ottidae
all species
CHARADRIIFORMES
Charadriidae
Hoplopterus spinosus
Charadrius hiaticula
Charadrius dubius
Charadrius alexandrinus
Charadrius leschenaulti
Eudromias morinellus
Arenaria interpres
Scolopacidae
Gallinago media
Numenius tenuirostris
Tringa stagnatilis
Tringa ochropus
Tringa glareola
Tringa hypoleucos
Tringa cinerea
Calidris. minuta
Calidris temminckii
Calidris maritima
Calidris alpina
Calidris ferruginea
Calidris alba
Limicola falcinellus
Recurvirostridae
all species
Phalaropodidae
all species
Burhinidae
Burhinus oedicnemus
Glareolidae
all species
Laridae
Pagophila eburnea
Larus audouinii
Larus melanocephalus
Larus genei
Larus minutus
Larus (Xenia) sabini
Chalidonias niger
Chlidonias leucopterus
Chlidonias hybrida
Gelochelidon nilotica
Hydroprogne caspia
Sterna hirundo
Sterna paradisaea (macrura)
Sterna dougallii
Sterna albifrons
Sterna sandvicensis
COLUMBIFORMES
Pteroclididae
all species
CUCULIFORMES
Cuculidae
Clamator glandarius
STRIGIFORMES
all species
CAPRIMULGIFORMES
Caprimulgidae
all species
APODIFORMES
Apodidae
Apus pallidus
Apus melba
Apus caffer
CORACIIFORMES
Alcedinidae
Alcedo atthis
Meropidae
Merops apiaster
Coraciidae
Coracias garrulus
Upopidae
Upopa epops
PICIFORMES
all species
PASSERIFORMES
Aludidae
Calandrella brachydactyla
Calandrella rufescens
Melanocorypha calandra
Melanocorypha leucoptera
Melanocorypha yeltoniensis
Galerida theklae
Eremophila alpestris
Hirundinidae
all species
Motacillidae
all species
Laniidae
all species
Bombycillidae
Bombycilla garrulus
Cinclidae
Cinclus cinclus
Troglodytidae
Troglodytes troglodytes
Prunellidae
all species
MuscicapidaeTurdinae
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquata
Oenanthe oenanthe
Oenanthe pleschanka (leucomela)
Oenanthe hispanica
Oenanthe isabellina
Oenanthe leucura
Cercotrichas galactotes
Monticola saxatilis
Monticola solitarius
Phoenicurus ochruros
Phoenicurus phoenicurus
Erithacus rubecula
Luscinia megarhynchos
Luscinia luscinia
Luscinia (Cyanosylvia) svecica
Tarsiger cyanurus
Sylviinae
all species
Regulinae
all species
Muscicapinae
all species
Timaliinae
Panurus biarmicus
Paridae
all species
Sittidae
all species
Certhiidae
all species
Emberizidae
Emberiza citrinella
Emberiza leucophala
Emberiza cirluce
Emberiza cineracea
Emberiza caesia
Emberiza cia
Emberiza schoeniclus
Emberiza melanocephala
Emberiza aureola
Emberiza pusilla
Emberiza rustica
Plectrophenax nivalis
Calcarius lapponicus
Fringillidae
Carduelis chloris
Carduelis carduelis
Carduelis spinus
Carduelis flavirostris
Carduelis cannabina
Carduelis f1ammea
Carduelis hornemanni
Serinus citrinella
Serinus serinus
Loxia curvirostra
Loxia pityopsittacus
Loxia leucoptera
Pinicola enucleator
Carpodacus erythrinus
Rhodopechys githaginea
Coccothraustes coccothraustes
Ploceidae
Petronia petronia
Montrifringilla nivalis
Sturnidae
Sturnus unicolor
Sturnus roseus
Oriolidae
Oriolus oriolus
Corvidae
Perisoreus infaustus
Cyanopica cyanus
Nucifraga caryocatactes
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Pyrrhocorax graculus
Reptiles
TESTUDINES
Testudinidae
Testudo hermanni
Testudo graeca
Testudo marginata
Emydidae
Emys orbicularis
Mauremys caspica
Dermochelyidae
Dermochelys coriacea
Cheloniidae
Caretta caretta
Lepidochelys kempii
Chelonia mydas
Eretmochelys imbricata
SAURI A
Gekkonidae
Cyrtodactylus kotschyi
Chamaeleontidae
Chamaeleon chamaeleon
Lacertidae
Algyroides marchi
Lacerta lepida
Lacerta parva
Lacerta simonyi
Lacerta princeps
Lacerta viridis
Podarcis muralis
Podarcis lilfordi
Podarcis sicula
Podarcis filfolensis
Scincidae
Ablepharus kitaibelii
OPHIDIA
Colubridae
Coluber hippocrepis
Elaphe situla
Elaphe quatuorlineata
Elaphe longissima
Coronella austriaca
Viperidae
Vipera ursinii
Vipera latasti
Vipera ammodytes
Vipera xanthina
Vipera lebetina
Vipera kaznakovi
Amphibians
CAUDATA
Salamandridae
Salamandra (Mertensiella) luschani
Salamandrina terdigitata
Chioglossa lusitanica
Triturus cristatus
Proteidae
Proteus anguinus
ANURA
Discoglossidae
Bombina variegata
Bombina bombina
Alytes obstetricans
Alytes cisternasii
Pelobatidae
Pelobates cultripes
Pelobates fuscus
Bufonidae
Bufo calamita
Bufo viridis
Hylidae
Hyla arborea
Ranidae
Rana arvalis
Rana dalmatina
Rana latastei
APPENDIX III
Protected fauna species
Mammals
INSECTIVORA
Erinaceidae
Erinaceus europaeus
Soricidae
all species
MICROCHIROPTERA
Vespertilionlidae
Pipistrellus pipistrellus
DUPLICIDENTATA
Leporidae
Lepus timidus
Lepus capensis (europaeus)
RODENTIA
Sciuridae
Sciurus vulgaris
Marmota marmota
Castoridae
Castor fiber
Gliridae
all species
Microtidae
Microtus ratticeps (oeconomus)
Microtus nivalis (lebrunii)
CETACEA
all species not mentioned in Appendix II
CARNIVORA
Mustelidae
Meles meles
Mustela erminea
Mustela nivalis
Putorius (Mustela) putorius
Martes martes
Martes foina
Viverridae
all species
Felidae
Felis catus (silvestris)
Lynx lynx
Phocidae
Phoca vitulina
Pusa (Phoca) hispida
Pagophilus groenlandicus (Phoca groenlandica)
Erignathus barbatus
Halichoerus grypus
Cystophora cristata
ARTIODACTYLA
Suidae
Sus scrofa meridionalis
Cervidae
all species
Bovidae
Ovis aries (musimon, ammon)
Capra ibex
Capra pyrenaica
Rupicapra rupicapra
Birds
all species not included in Appendix II with the
exception of:
Larus marinus
Larus fuscus
Larus agentatus
Columba pallumbus
Passer domesticus
Sturnus vulgaris
Garrulus glandarius
Pica pica
Corvus monedula
Corvus frugilegus
Corvus corone (coronet and cornix)
Amphibians
A11 species not included in Appendix II
Reptiles
All species not included in Appendix II
APPENDIX IV
Prohibited means and methods of killing, capture and
other forms of exploitation
MAMMALS
Snares
Live animals used as decoys which are blind or mutilated
Tape recorders
Electrical devices capable of killing and stunning
Artificial light sources
Mirrors and other dazzling devices
Devices for illuminating targets
Sighting devices for night shooting comprising an
electronic image magnifier or image converter
Explosives 1
1 Except for whale hunting
Nets 2
2 If applied for large scale or non-selective capture or
killing.
Traps 2
2 If applied for large scale or non-selective capture or
killing.
Poison and poisoned or anaesthetic bait
Gassing or smoking out
Semi-automatic or automatic weapons with a magazine
capable of holding more than two rounds of ammunition
Aircraft
Motor vehicles in motion
BIRDS
Snares 3
3 Except Lagopus north of latitude 58 deg N.
Limes
Hooks
Live birds used as decoys which are blind or mutilated
Tape recorders
Electrical devices capable of killing and stunning
Artificial light sources
Mirrors and other dazzling devices
Devices for illuminating targets
Sighting devices for night shooting comprising an
electronic image magnifier or image converter
Explosives
Nets
Traps
Poison and poisoned or anaesthetic bait
Semi-automatic or automatic weapons with a magazine
capable of holding more than two rounds of ammunition
Aircraft
Motor vehicles in motion