PLANT PROTECTION AGREEMENT FOR THE SOUTH EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC  
REGION 

Rome, 27 February 1956 

   The Contracting Governments, desiring to prevent, through concerted action,  
the introduction into and spread within the South East Asia and Pacific Region  
of destructive plant diseases and pests, have concluded the following  
Agreement, which is a supplementary agreement under Article III of the  
International Plant Protection Convention of 1951: 


Article I 

DEFINITIONS 

In this Agreement and in the appendices hereto, the following terms shall have  
the meaning hereby assigned to them, save as otherwise provided: 

a) The South East Asia and Pacific Region, hereinafter called "The Region,"  
comprises the territories in South East Asia east of the western border of  
Pakistan and south of the Himalayas, the southern border of China and the  
northern border of the Philippines, and all those territories in the Pacific  
Ocean, the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean situated wholly or partly in  
the area bounded by longitudes 100 deg East and 165 deg West and latitudes 15  
deg North and 20 deg South, but excluding Australia; 

b) "plant" or "plants" means all species of plants or parts thereof, whether  
living or dead (including stems, branches, tubers, bulbs, corms, stocks,  
budwood, cuttings, layers, slips, suckers, roots, leaves. flowers, fruits,  
seeds and any other parts of plants); 

c) "territory" means a State or Territory within the Region defined in (a)  
above; 

d) "the Organization" means the Food and Agriculture Organization of the  
United Nations. 

e) "the Committee" means the Plant Protection Committee for the South East  
Asia and Pacific Region established in pursuance of Article II of this  
Agreement. 


Article II 

REGIONAL COMMITTEE 

1. The Contracting Governments hereby establish a regional committee, to be  
known as the Plant Protection Committee for the South East Asia and Pacific  
Region, whose functions shall include: 

a) the determination of procedures and arrangements necessary for the  
implementation of this Agreement and the making of recommendations to the  
Contracting Governments accordingly; 

b) the review of reports submitted by the Contracting Governments of progress  
in the implementation of this Agreement; 

c) the consideration of problems requiring co-operation on a regional basis  
and of measures for mutual assistance. 

2. Each Contracting Government shall be represented on the Committee and shall  
have one vote. A majority of the Contracting Governments shall constitute a  
quorum. Decisions of the Committee shall be taken by a majority of the votes  
cast except as otherwise provided in this Agreement. 

3. The Committee shall meet whenever convened by the Director-General of the  
Organization after consultation with the Chairman of the Committee. The  
Director-General of the Organization shall convene the committee at least once  
every two years or when so requested by at least one third of the Contracting  
Governments. 

4. The Committee shall elect from amongst the delegates a Chairman who shall  
serve for a period of two years or until the first session of the Committee  
held after the expiration of the period of two years. The Chairman shall be  
eligible for re-election. 

5. Expenses incurred by delegates of Contracting Governments in attending  
sessions of the Committee shall be determined and paid by their respective  
Governments. The Director-General of the Organization shall appoint and  
provide the secretariat of the Committee from the staff of the Organization  
who shall serve only during sessions of the Committee. The expenses of the  
secretariat of the Committee shall be determined and paid by the Organization. 

6. The Committee shall establish its own rules of procedure . 


Article  III 

MEASURES REGARDING THE IMPORTATION OF PLANTS FROM OUTSIDE THE REGION 

    For the purpose of preventing the introduction into its territory or  
territories of destructive diseases and pests, and in particular those listed  
in Appendix A to this Agreement, each Contracting Government shall use its  
best endeavours to apply with respect to the importation of any plants,  
including their packings and containers, and any packings and containers of  
plant origin, from anywhere outside the Region, such measures of prohibition,  
certification, inspection, disinfection, disinfestation, quarantine,  
destruction or other measures as may be recommended by the Committee, taking  
into consideration the provisions of Articles V and VI of the International  
Plant Protection Convention. 

    Appendix A to this Agreement may be modified by a decision of the  
Committee. 


Article IV 

MEASURES TO EXCLUDE SOUTH AMERICAN LEAF BLIGHT OF HEAVA FROM THE REGION 

    In view of the importance of the Hevea rubber industry in the Region, and  
of the danger of introducing the destructive South American leaf blight  
(Dothidella ulei) of the Hevea rubber tree, the Contracting Governments shall  
take the measures specified in Appendix B to this Agreement. Appendix B to  
this agreement may be modified by a decision of the Committee taken  
unanimously. 


Article V 

MEASURES REGARDING MOVEMENT OF PLANTS WITHIN THE REGION 

    For the purpose of preventing the spread within the Region of  
destructive diseases and pests, each Contracting Government shall use its best  
endeavours to apply, with respect to the importation into its territory of any  
plants, including packings and containers, and any packings and containers of  
plant origin, from another territory within the Region, such measures or  
prohibition certification, inspection, disinfection, disinfestation,  
quarantine, destruction or other measures as may be recommended by the  
Committee, in addition to measures already adopted by each Contracting  
Government. 


Article VI 

GENERAL EXEMPTION 

    This Agreement shall not apply to the following plants and plant  
products except insofar as any such plants or plant products are explicitly  
made subject to specific measures of control provided in this Agreement or  
recommended by the Committee: 

a) any plants imported for food or for analytical, medicinal or manufacturing  
purposes; 

b) all seeds of annual, or biennial field crops or vegetables, and all seeds  
or cut flowers of annual, biennial or perennial ornamental plants which are  
essentially herbaceous in character; and 

c) any processed plant products. 


Article VII 

SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES 

    If there be any dispute regarding the interpretation or implementation  
of this Agreement, or regarding action taken by any Contracting Government  
under this Agreement, and such dispute cannot be resolved by the Committee,  
the Government or Governments concerned may request the Director-General of  
the Organization to appoint a committee of experts to consider such dispute. 


Article VIII 

RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF CONTRACTING GOVERNMENTS NOT PARTIES TO THE  
INTERNATIONAL PLANT PROTECTION CONVENTION 

    Nothing in the International Plant Protection Convention shall affect  
the rights and obligations of Contracting Governments which are not parties to  
the Convention. 


Article IX 

AMENDMENT 

1. Any proposal by a Contracting Government for the amendment of this  
Agreement, except Appendices A and B, shall be communicated, through the  
Committee, to the Director-General of the Organization. 

2. Any proposed amendment of this Agreement received by the Director-General  
of the Organization shall be presented to a session of the Council of the  
Organization for approval. 

3. Notice of any proposed amendment of this Agreement shall be transmitted to  
the Contracting Governments by the Director-General of the Organization not  
later than the time when the agenda of the session of the Council at which the  
matter is to be considered is despatched. 

4. Any such amendment of this Agreement approved by the Council of the  
Organization, shall come into force with respect to all Contracting  
Governments as from the thirtieth day after acceptance by two-thirds of the  
Contracting Governments. Amendments involving new obligations for Contracting  
Governments, however, shall come into force in respect of each Contracting  
Government only on acceptance by it and as from the thirtieth day after such  
acceptance. 

5. The instruments of acceptance of amendment shall be deposited with the  
Director-General of the Organization. The effective date of acceptance shall  
be the date of such deposit. The Director-General of the Organization shall  
inform all Contracting Governments of the receipt of acceptances and the entry  
into force of amendments. 


Article X 

SIGNATURE AND ADHERENCE 

1. The Government of any State situated in the Region, or any Government which  
is responsible for the international relations of a territory or territories  
in the Region, may become a party to this Agreement, by either 

a) signature; or 

b) signature subject to ratification followed by such ratification; or 

c) adherence. 

Governments may not subject their signature, ratification or adherence to any  
reservation.  

2. This Agreement, the text of which was approved by the Council of the  
Organization on 26 November 1955, shall be open for signature until 30 June  
1956 or until the date of its entry into force in conformity with the  
provisions of Article XI, paragraph I, whichever date is the later. The  
Director-General of the Organization shall immediately inform all signatory  
Governments of the signature of this Agreement by any other Government.  
Ratification shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of ratification  
with the Director-General of the Organization and shall become effective as  
from the date of deposit. 

3. This Agreement shall be open for adherence as from I July 1965 or from the  
date of its entry into force in conformity with the provisions of Article XI,  
paragraph I, whichever date is the later. Adherence shall be effected by the  
deposit of an instrument of adherence with the Director-General of the  
Organization and shall become effective as from the date of deposit. 

4. The Director-General of the Organization shall immediately inform all  
signatory and adhering Governments of the deposit of an instrument of  
ratification or of adherence. 


Article XI 

ENTRY INTO FORCE 

1. This Agreement shall come into force as soon as three Governments have  
become parties to it either by signature, or by signature subject to  
ratification followed by such ratification. 

2. The Director-General of the Organization shall notify all signatory  
Governments of the date of entry into force of this Agreement. 


Article XII 

DENUNCIATION AND TERMINATION 

1. Any Contracting Government may, at any time after the expiration of one  
year from the date on which it became a party to the Agreement, or from the  
date on which the Agreement entered into force, whichever is the later,  
denounce this Agreement by notification addressed to the Director-General of  
the Organization who shall at once inform all signatory and adhering  
Governments of the denunciation. 

2. The denunciation shall take effect one year from the date of receipt of the  
notification by the Director-General of the Organization. 

3. This Agreement shall automatically be terminated should the parties to it  
become fewer than three as the result of denunciations. 



APPENDIX A 

DESTRUCTIVE PESTS AND DISEASES NOT YET ESTABLISHED IN THE SOUTHEAST ASIA AND  
PACIFIC REGION 



CACAO (Theobroma cacao) 
Sahlbergella singularis Hagl. 
Distantiella theobroma Dist. 
Marasmius perniciosus Stahel 
Monilia roreri Cif. 
Trachysphaera fructigena 
Tabor and Bunting 
Virus 
Virus diseases 

CITRUS (Citrus spp.) 
Anastrepha spp.,es. A. Iudens 
(Loew.) 
Deuterophoma tracheiphila 
Petri 

COCONUT (Cocos nucifera) 
Pachymerus nucleorum (F). 
Theraptus sp. 
Aphelencoides cocophilus 
(Cobb.) Goodey 

COFFEE (Coffea spp.) 

Antestia spp. 
Leucoptera caffeella (Guer.) 
Planococcus henyae 
(Le Pelley) 
Omphalia flavida Maubl and Rangel 
Trachysphaera fructigena 
Tabor and Bunting 

COTTON (Gossypium spp.) 

Anthonomous grandis Boh. 
Anthonomus spp. 
Diparopsis  spp. 
Phymatotrichum omnivorum 
(Shear) Duggar 
Virus 

RUBBER (Hevea brasiliensis) 

Dothidella ulei P. Henn 

Pellicularia filamentosa (Pat.) 
Rogers 

Capsid 
Capsid 
Witches broom 
Monilia pod rot 
Trachysphaera pot rot 


Swollen shoot 


Mexican fruit fly 

Mal Secco 



(A Bruchid) 
(A Coreid) 
Red Ring disease 




A Pentatomid bug 
White coffee leat miner 
A mealy bug 

American leaf spot 

Trachsyphaera fruit rot 



Mexican cotton boll worm 
Boll worms 
Red boll worms 
Texas root rot 

Leaf curl 



South American leaf blight 
Target leaf spot 

Known Distribution 
West Africa, Belgian Congo 
West Africa, Belgian Congo 
West Indies, South America 
South America 


West Africa 
Trinidad 


Central America 

Mediterranean region 



New World 
East Africa, Zanzibar 
West Indies 




Africa 
New World, Africa 
East and West Africa 

Mexico, U.S.A., West Indies. 
Central and South America 
Africa 



West Indies, Mexico, Central 
America, Venezuela, U.S.A. 
New World 
Africa 
Mexico, U.S.A. 
Africa 



Mexico, Central America, 

Trinidad, South America 
Central and South America 


MAIZE (Zea mays) 

Diatraea spp. 


Puccinia polysora Underw. 

OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis) 

Pachymerus lacerdae (Chevr.) 
Pachymerus nucleorum ( F. ) 
Pimelephila ghesquierii Tams. 
Fusarium oxysporum 

POTATO (Solanum tuberosum) 
Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say 
Corynebacterium sepedonicum 

RICE (Oryza sativa) 

Diatraea spp. 


Mormidea spp., esp. M. poecila 
Dall 
Virus 

SUGAR CANE (Saccharum spp.) 

Diatraea spp., esp. D. saccharalis (F.) 


Dermolepida spp. Clemora smithi (Arr.) 

SWEET POTATO (Ipomaea batatas) 

Virus 

Stalk borers 


Polysora rust 


(A Bruchid) 
(A Bruchid) 
(A Pyralid) 
Fusarium Wilt 


Colorado beetle 
Bacterial ring rot 


Stem or stalk borers 


Pentatomid bugs 

Rice dwarf 



Stalk borers 


White cane grubs 
A white cane grub 


Internal Cork 

Southern U.S.A., Mexico 
West Indies, Central America, 
South America 

Africa, Mexico, U.S.A., 
Central America, West Indies 
South America 

Nigeria 

New World 

West Africa 

West Africa 


New World, Europe 

New World, Europe 


Southern U.S.A., Mexico 
West Indies, Central America, 
South America 

Central America, South 
America 

Japan 



Southern U.S.A., Mexico, 
West Indies, Central America. 
South America 

Queensland 

Mauritius 


U.S.A. 



(This list is tentative and subject to revision by the Regional Committee.) 


APPENDIX B 

MEASURES TO EXCLUDE SOUTH AMERICAN LEAF BLIGHT OF HEVEA FROM THE REGION 

1. In this Appendix: 

a) "the American tropics" means those parts of the continent of America,  
including adjacent islands, which are bounded by the Tropic of Capricorn  
(latitude 23 1/2 deg S) and the Tropic of Cancer (latitude 23 1/2 deg N) and  
the meridians of longitude 30 deg W and 120 deg W, and includes the part of  
Mexico north of the Tropic of Cancer:  

b) "Competent Authority" means the officer or Government Department or other  
agency, which each Contracting Government recognizes as its authority, for the  
purpose of this Appendix. 

2. Each Contracting Government shall prohibit by law the importation into its  
territory or territories of any plant or plants of the genus Hevea from  
outside the Region, unless: 

a) the importation is made for scientific purposes, and 

b) written permission has been granted for each consignment of plant or plants  
by the Competent Authority of the importing territory or territories and the  
importation is in accordance with such special conditions as may be imposed by  
the Competent Authority in granting such permission, and 

c) the plant or plants have been disinfected and freed of any original soil in  
the country of origin in a manner acceptable to the Competent Authority of the  
importing territory and are free from pests and diseases, and each consignment  
of plant or plants is accompanied or covered by a certificate to the effect  
that the above requirements have been fulfilled, and signed by an appropriate  
authority in the country of origin; and 

d) each consignment is addressed to and is received by the Competent Authority  
of the importing territory. 

3. Each Contracting Government shall prohibit by law the importation into its  
territory or territories of any plant or plants of the genus Hevea capable of  
further growth or propagation (excluding seed) from the American tropics or  
from any other country in which South American leaf blight (Dothidella ulei)  
is present, unless, in addition to the requirements of paragraph 2 of this  
Appendix, at a place approved by the Competent Authority of the importing  
territory and situated outside the Region and outside the American tropics and  
any other country in which South American leaf blight (Dothidella ulei) is  
present such plant or plants have been grown for an adequate period at a plant  
quarantine station for Hevea and each consignment of such plant or plants is  
accompanied or covered by a certificate to the effect that the above  
requirements have been fulfilled, and signed by the officer-in-charge of such  
quarantine station. 

4. Each Contracting Government shall prohibit by law the importation into its  
territory or territories of any seed of any plant of the genus Hevea from the  
American tropics or from any other country in which South American leaf blight  
(Dothidella ulei) is present, unless, in addition to the requirements of  
paragraph 2 of this Appendix, such seed, having been examined and again  
disinfected at a place approved by the Competent Authority of the importing  
territory and situated outside the Region and outside the American tropics and  
any other country in which South American leaf blight (Dothidella ulei) is  
present, has been repacked with new packing materials in new containers, and  
unless each consignment of such seed is accompanied or covered by a  
certificate to the effect that the above requirements have been fulfilled, and  
signed by the officer-in-charge of these operations. 

5. Each Contracting Government shall prohibit by law the importation into its  
territory or territories of any plant or plants of the genus Hevea not capable  
of further growth or propagation (such as fresh or dried herbarium specimens),  
unless in addition to the requirements of sub-paragraphs (a), (b) and (d) of  
paragraph 2 of this Appendix, the Competent Authority of the importing country  
is satisfied that such plant or plants are required for a legitimate special  
purpose and that such plant or plants have been sterilized in the country of  
origin by a method satisfactory to the said Competent Authority. 

6. Each Contracting Government shall prohibit by law the importation into its  
territory or territories of any plant or plants, other than the genus Hevea.  
capable of further growth or propagation and originating in the American  
tropics or in any other country in which South American leaf blight  
(Dothidella ulei) is present unless consignment of such plant or plants by the  
Competent Authority of the importing territory or territories and the  
importation is in accordance with such special conditions as may be imposed by  
the Competent Authority in granting such permission . 

7. The Competent Authority of any territory or territories into which any  
plant or plants of the genus Hevea are imported for further growth or  
propagation shall ensure that such plant or plants are grown under control for  
such period as will ensure that such plant or plants are free from all pests  
and diseases before they are released. 
    In Witness Whereof the undersigned, duly authorized to that effect, have  
signed this Agreement on behalf of their respective Governments on the dates  
appearing opposite their signatures. 
    Done at Rome on the twenty-seventh day of February one thousand nine  
hundred and fifty-six in two copies in the English, French and Spanish  
languages, which languages shall be equally authoritative. The text of this  
Agreement shall be authenticated by the Chairman of the Council of the  
Organization and the Director-General of the Organization. After expiry of the  
period during which the Agreement is open for signature, in accordance with  
Article X, paragraph 2, one copy of the Agreement shall be deposited with the  
Secretary-General of the United Nations and the other in the archives of the  
Organization Additional copies of this text shall be certified by the  
Director-General of the Organization and furnished to all Governments parties  
to the Agreement, with the indication of the date on which it has come into  
force.